Impact of supplementing of rocket (Eruca sativa) extract against foodborne parasite Trichinella spiralis experimental infections induced rat tongue muscles toxicity and DNA damage

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease that is dangerous to humans, the cause is a group of nematodes that are associated with the genus Trichinella. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of rocket seed extracts (RSE) on the experimental Trichinellosis-induced damage to the tissue and DNA in the rat's tongue. The current investigation was conducted on 40 male albino rats that were divided into four groups (G1, control; G2, RSE; G3, 35DPI or infected group in which rats were confronted with 1000 larvae of trichinella spiralis; G4, the treated infected group with RSE for a week). The current results showed that; over 97% of the larvae were located in skeletal muscles, and about 2.5% were located in both the diaphragm and the tongue. However, only about 0.5% were located in cardiac muscles. The treatments with 35DIP were significantly less effective than the treatments with 35DPI in reducing the mean number of Trichinella spiralis (78.5± 4.8 versus 291.0 ± 8.5). The muscles of the tongue in 35DPI exhibited severe tissue damage with widespread degenerative changes in the fibers of the muscle along with a large number of T. spiralis larvae encysted in the muscle. Each larva was lacking a shell and exhibited inflammation-causing cellular infiltration, widespread hemorrhage, and muscular fibrosis. Tongue section in 5WPI treated with RSE revealed a reduced number of non-encapsulated encysted larvae with mild fibrosis, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and reduction in DNA damage.