Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic and Aquatic Extracts of Myrtus Communis on the Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

2 Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

Abstract

Finding effective medicines against resistant bacteria is extremely urgent given the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. The extract of myrtle plant contains compounds that show antibacterial properties. This investigation sought to assess if the methanolic and aqueous extract of Myrtus communis can inhibit biofilm formation, which is formed by a serious pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, using standard methods.  82 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were isolated and diagnosed from various sources including wounds, nasal swabs, ear swabs, and blood-based on cultural, and microscopical properties, molecular identification, and automatic,(VITEK-2 system). Herein, Sixty-eight mecA-positive, S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified from clinical samples. On these isolates, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of M. communis's methanolic and aquatic extract were assessed. All MRSA isolates can produce biofilm. The results displayed that the average biofilm formation of 22 strong isolates was (1.118 ± 0.30). When compared to control groups, The aqueous and methanolic extracts of M. communis significantly decreased the biofilm formation (P ˂ 0.05). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for several isolates was 0.0325 to 2 mg/ml. The results of the modified CV assay showed that Myrtus communis has a biomass attachment effect that is greater than 70% (percentage inhibition) at 2 MIC. Regarding a comparison of the effects of Myrtle's alcoholic and aqueous extracts, no significant differences exist (P ˃ 0.05), both have a significant effect in inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The extract prevents growth and biofilm formation, destroys pre-formed biofilm, and kills cells living inside the biofilm. 

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