Phytoconstituents and Cytotoxic Properties of Winged Marigold Extract Against Human Breast Cancer Cells

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Pharmacy - Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iraq

2 Faculty of Medicine- Jabir Ibn Hayyan University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iraq

Abstract

The chemical analysis results of the alcoholic extract derived from the leaves of Winged Marigold, analyzed through GC-MS, revealed the presence of 53 active compounds belonging to several chemical groups, including organic acids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and antioxidants. The most prominent compounds are 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid (15.18%) as the main component, antioxidant compounds such as methyl eugenol, scopa one, oleic acid, anticancer compounds such as psoralen, benzoic acid, compounds toxic to cancer cells such as N, N-Diethyl-5H-chromeno\[4,3-b]pyridin-3-amine, and compounds inducing apoptosis such as Hexa-2,4-diyn-1-ylbenzene. The results of cellular assays on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells showed that the extract had a strong dose-dependent toxic effect, with cell death reaching 87.53% at 100 µg/ml, with a notable reduction in cell viability as the concentration increased. These results indicate that the extract contains bioactive compounds that act through multiple mechanisms, including: Antioxidants that reduce oxidative stress, inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation, and activators of apoptosis.  Based on these indicators, the alcoholic extract of Winged marigold can be considered a potential natural therapeutic agent with great promise against breast cancer, given its selective effects on cancer cells and its effectiveness at relatively low concentrations.

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