Evaluation of circulating antigen in urine technique for diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection

Document Type : Original Article

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Society of Pathological Biochemistry and Hematology, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Diagnosis of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis by detecting circulating Schistosome antigens in serum and urine have been developed and assessed to dissolve problems with parasitological diagnosis in low endemic areas or for early diagnosis, this study aimed to evaluate commercially available kit, using circulating antigen in urine as an alternative for microscopic testing of urine to diagnose S.haematobium infection Subjects and methods:This study is a cross-sectional study designed to evaluate circulating antigen a commercially available kit was used for determining urinary schistosomiasis in the study population, this performed on 50 positive S.haematobium samples and 50 negative samples for individuals matching in age and gender, besides, urine microscopic examination was done for detection of S.haematobium eggs by sedimentation centrifugation and nuclepore filtration techniques. Results:  The results showed that circulating antigen kit in urine had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 76%. PPVs were 70% whereas NPVs were 63.3 %. As for diagnostic efficiency, it was 66%, where the area under the curve (AUC) was sufficient 0.63. Conclusion and Recommendations: Years ago this commercial kit used in this study and all medical laboratories in Egypt for detection of schistosome antigen in urine is called schistofast bilharzial antigen in urine, this study showed low sensitivity (56%) and low specificity (76) than expected results for detection of circulating antigen and they are generally more expensive than microscopic examination.

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